SLA vs SLO vs SLI: Reliability Terms Explained With One Example
SLIs measure, SLOs set targets and SLAs make promises with consequences. One running example shows how the 3 connect and how to set each without overpromising.
The percentage of time a system, website, or service is operational and available to users.
Uptime is a core reliability metric, often written into service level agreements. Availability targets are commonly described in nines. For example, 99.9 percent uptime, three nines, allows roughly 8.8 hours of downtime per year, while 99.99 percent, four nines, allows under an hour.
Achieving high uptime requires redundancy across servers and data centers, load balancing, automated failover, careful deployment practices, and good monitoring and observability so problems are detected quickly. Planned maintenance may or may not count against uptime, depending on the agreement. Each additional nine is usually much harder and more expensive to achieve, so teams choose targets that match how critical a service is. Site reliability engineering often uses error budgets to balance reliability with shipping new features.
A culture and set of practices that unite software development and IT operations to deliver software faster and more reliably.
Load BalancerA system that distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers so no single server is overwhelmed.
ObservabilityThe ability to understand what is happening inside a software system by examining the data it produces, such as logs, metrics, and traces.
Service Level AgreementA contract between a service provider and a customer that defines expected service quality, such as uptime, and what happens if it is not met.
SLIs measure, SLOs set targets and SLAs make promises with consequences. One running example shows how the 3 connect and how to set each without overpromising.
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